1. Strategies of cooperation and defection in five large language models, pre-print, 2026. (link)

    S. Pal, A. Mallela, C. Hilbe, L. Pracher, C. Wei, F. Fu, S. Schnell, M. A. Nowak.


  2. Prediction-proof strategies in direct reciprocity, PNAS Nexus (in press), 2025. (link)

    Philip LaPorte, Lenz Pracher, Saptarshi Pal.


  3. Stabilizing Unconditional Cooperation, Proceedings of Royal Society A, 2025. (link) (pdf)

    Saptarshi Pal, Mayeul E. Lambert, Martin A. Nowak


  4. The co-evolution of direct, indirect and generalized reciprocity, preprint, 2024. (link)

    Saptarshi Pal, Christian Hilbe, Nikoleta E. Glynatsi.


  5. Introspection dynamics in asymmetric multiplayer games, Dynamic Games and Application, 2023. (link)

    Marta C Couto, Saptarshi Pal.


  6. Reputation effects drive the joint evolution of cooperation and social rewarding, Nature Communications, 2022. (link)

    Saptarshi Pal, Christian Hilbe.


  7. Coupled social and land use dynamics affect dietary choice and agricultural land-use extent,

    Communications Earth and Environment, 2022. (link)

    Saptarshi Pal, Chris T. Bauch, Madhur Anand.